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California Vehicle Codes Defined:
23152. (a) It is unlawful
for any person who is under the influence of any alcoholic beverage or
drug, or under the combined influence of any alcoholic beverage and
drug, to drive a vehicle.
(b) It is unlawful for any person who has 0.08 percent or more, by
weight, of alcohol in his or her blood to drive a vehicle.
For purposes of this article and Section 34501.16, percent, by weight,
of alcohol in a person's blood is based upon grams of alcohol per 100
milliliters of blood or grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.
In any prosecution under this subdivision, it is a rebuttable
presumption that the person had 0.08 percent or more, by weight, of
alcohol in his or her blood at the time of driving the vehicle if the
person had 0.08 percent or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her
blood at the time of the performance of a chemical test within three
hours after the driving.
(c) It is unlawful for any person who is addicted to the use of any
drug to drive a vehicle. This subdivision shall not apply to a person
who is participating in a narcotic treatment program approved pursuant
to Article 3 (commencing with Section 11875) of Chapter 1 of Part 3 of
Division 10.5 of the Health and Safety Code.
(d) It is unlawful for any person who has 0.04 percent or more, by
weight, of alcohol in his or her blood to drive a commercial motor
vehicle, as defined in Section 15210.
In any prosecution under this subdivision, it is a rebuttable
presumption that the person had 0.04 percent or more, by weight, of
alcohol in his or her blood at the time of driving the vehicle if the
person had 0.04 percent or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her
blood at the time of the performance of a chemical test within three
hours after the driving.
(e) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1992, and shall
remain operative until the director determines that federal
regulations adopted pursuant to the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety
Act of 1986 (49 U.S.C. Sec. 2701 et seq.) contained in Section 383.51
or 391.15 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations do not
require the state to prohibit operation of commercial vehicles when
the operator has a concentration of alcohol in his or her blood of
0.04 percent by weight or more.
(f) The director shall submit a notice of the determination under
subdivision (e) to the Secretary of State, and this section shall be
repealed upon the receipt of that notice by the Secretary of State.
23152. (a) It is unlawful for any person who is under the influence of
any alcoholic beverage or drug, or under the combined influence of any
alcoholic beverage and drug, to drive a vehicle.
(b) It is unlawful for any person who has 0.08 percent or more, by
weight, of alcohol in his or her blood to drive a vehicle.
For purposes of this article and Section 34501.16, percent, by weight,
of alcohol in a person's blood is based upon grams of alcohol per 100
milliliters of blood or grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.
In any prosecution under this subdivision, it is a rebuttable
presumption that the person had 0.08 percent or more, by weight, of
alcohol in his or her blood at the time of driving the vehicle if the
person had 0.08 percent or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her
blood at the time of the performance of a chemical test within three
hours after the driving.
(c) It is unlawful for any person who is addicted to the use of any
drug to drive a vehicle. This subdivision shall not apply to a person
who is participating in a narcotic treatment program approved pursuant
to Article 3 (commencing with Section 11875) of Chapter 1 of Part 3 of
Division 10.5 of the Health and Safety Code.
(d) This section shall become operative only upon the receipt by the
Secretary of State of the notice specified in subdivision (f) of
Section 23152, as added by Section 25 of Chapter 1114 of the Statutes
of 1989.
23153. (a) It is unlawful for any person, while under the influence of
any alcoholic beverage or drug, or under the combined influence of any
alcoholic beverage and drug, to drive a vehicle and concurrently do
any act forbidden by law, or neglect any duty imposed by law in
driving the vehicle, which act or neglect proximately causes bodily
injury to any person other than the driver.
(b) It is unlawful for any person, while having 0.08 percent or more,
by weight, of alcohol in his or her blood to drive a vehicle and
concurrently do any act forbidden by law, or neglect any duty imposed
by law in driving the vehicle, which act or neglect proximately causes
bodily injury to any person other than the driver.
In any prosecution under this subdivision, it is a rebuttable
presumption that the person had 0.08 percent or more, by weight, of
alcohol in his or her blood at the time of driving the vehicle if the
person had 0.08 percent or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her
blood at the time of the performance of a chemical test within three
hours after driving.
(c) In proving the person neglected any duty imposed by law in driving
the vehicle, it is not necessary to prove that any specific section of
this code was violated.
(d) It is unlawful for any person, while having 0.04 percent or more,
by weight, of alcohol in his or her blood to drive a commercial motor
vehicle, as defined in Section 15210, and concurrently to do any act
forbidden by law or neglect any duty imposed by law in driving the
vehicle, which act or neglect proximately causes bodily injury to any
person other than the driver.
In any prosecution under this subdivision, it is a rebuttable
presumption that the person had 0.04 percent or more, by weight, of
alcohol in his or her blood at the time of driving the vehicle if the
person had 0.04 percent or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her
blood at the time of performance of a chemical test within three hours
after driving.
(e) This section shall become operative on January 1, 1992, and shall
remain operative until the director determines that federal
regulations adopted pursuant to the Commercial Motor Vehicle Act of
1986 (49 U.S.C. Sec. 2701 et seq.) contained in Section 383.51 or
391.15 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations do not require
the state to prohibit operation of commercial vehicles when the
operator has a concentration of alcohol in his or her blood of 0.04
percent by weight or more.
(f) The director shall submit a notice of the determination under
subdivision (e) to the Secretary of State, and this section shall be
repealed upon the receipt of that notice by the Secretary of State.
23153. (a) It is unlawful for any person, while under the influence of
any alcoholic beverage or drug, or under the combined influence of any
alcoholic beverage and drug, to drive a vehicle and concurrently do
any act forbidden by law or neglect any duty imposed by law in driving
the vehicle, which act or neglect proximately causes bodily injury to
any person other than the driver.
(b) It is unlawful for any person, while having 0.08 percent or more,
by weight, of alcohol in his or her blood to drive a vehicle and
concurrently do any act forbidden by law or neglect any duty imposed
by law in driving the vehicle, which act or neglect proximately causes
bodily injury to any person other than the driver.
In any prosecution under this subdivision, it is a rebuttable
presumption that the person had 0.08 percent or more, by weight, of
alcohol in his or her blood at the time of driving the vehicle if the
person had 0.08 percent or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her
blood at the time of the performance of a chemical test within three
hours after driving.
(c) In proving the person neglected any duty imposed by law in driving
the vehicle, it is not necessary to prove that any specific section of
this code was violated.
(d) This section shall become operative only upon the receipt by the
Secretary of State of the notice specified in subdivision (f) of
Section 23153, as added by Section 30 of Chapter 1114 of the Statutes
of 1989.
23158. (a) Only a licensed physician and surgeon, registered nurse,
licensed vocational nurse, duly licensed clinical laboratory
technologist or clinical laboratory bioanalyst, unlicensed laboratory
personnel regulated pursuant to Sections 1242, 1242.5, and 1246 of the
Business and Professions Code, or certified paramedic acting at the
request of a peace officer may withdraw blood for the purpose of
determining the alcoholic content therein. This limitation does not
apply to the taking of breath specimens. An emergency call for
paramedic services takes precedence over a peace officer's request for
a paramedic to withdraw blood for determining its alcoholic content. A
certified paramedic shall not withdraw blood for this purpose unless
authorized by his or her employer to do so.
(b) The person tested may, at his own expense, have a licensed
physician and surgeon, registered nurse, licensed vocational nurse,
duly licensed clinical laboratory technologist or clinical laboratory
bioanalyst, unlicensed laboratory personnel regulated pursuant to
Sections 1242, 1242.5, and 1246 of the Business and Professions Code,
or any other person of his or her own choosing administer a test in
addition to any test administered at the direction of a peace officer
for the purpose of determining the amount of alcohol in the person's
blood at the time alleged as shown by chemical analysis of his or her
blood, breath, or urine. The failure or inability to obtain an
additional test by a person does not preclude the admissibility in
evidence of the test taken at the direction of a peace officer.
(c) Upon the request of the person tested, full information concerning
the test taken at the direction of the peace officer shall be made
available to the person or the person's attorney.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no licensed physician
and surgeon, registered nurse, licensed vocational nurse, duly
licensed clinical laboratory technologist or clinical laboratory
bioanalyst, unlicensed laboratory personnel regulated pursuant to
Sections 1242, 1242.5, and 1246 of the Business and Professions Code,
or certified paramedic, or hospital, laboratory, or clinic employing
or utilizing the services of the licensed physician and surgeon,
registered nurse, licensed vocational nurse, duly licensed laboratory
technologist or clinical laboratory bioanalyst, unlicensed laboratory
personnel regulated pursuant to Sections 1242, 1242.5, and 1246 of the
Business and Professions Code, or certified paramedic, owning or
leasing the premises on which tests are performed, shall incur any
civil or criminal liability as a result of the administering of a
blood test in a reasonable manner in a hospital, medical laboratory,
or medical clinic environment, according to accepted medical
practices, without violence by the person administering the test, and
when requested in writing by a peace officer to administer the test.
(e) If the test given under Section 23612 is a chemical test of urine,
the person tested shall be given such privacy in the taking of the
urine specimen as will ensure the accuracy of the specimen and, at the
same time, maintain the dignity of the individual involved.
(f) The department, in cooperation with the State Department of Health
Services or any other appropriate agency, shall adopt uniform
standards for the withdrawal, handling, and preservation of blood
samples prior to analysis.
(g) As used in this section, "certified paramedic" does not include
any employee of a fire department.
(h) Consent, waiver of liability, or the offering to, acceptance by,
or refusal of consent or waiver of liability by the person on whom a
test is administered, is not an issue or relevant to the immunity from
liability for medical personnel or the medical facility under
subdivision (d).
23213. No patient or other person residing in a social rehabilitation
facility licensed pursuant to Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 1500)
of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code for the rehabilitation of
persons who have abused alcohol or drugs, shall have a motor vehicle
registered in the name of that patient or person on or near the
premises of that facility unless the patient or person has an
operator's license issued pursuant to this code which is not suspended
or revoked.
23215. The department may, but shall not be required to, provide
patrol or enforce the provisions of Section 23152 for offenses which
occur other than upon a highway.
23216. (a) The provisions of Sections 2, 6, 7, and 10 expressly apply
to the provisions of this article, and, further, for any recidivist or
enhancement purpose, reference to an offense by section number is a
reference to the provisions contained in that section, insofar as they
were renumbered by Chapter 940 of the Statutes of 1981 without
substantive change, and those provisions shall be construed as
restatements and continuations thereof and not as new enactments.
(b) Any reference in the provisions of this code to a separate
violation of Section 23152 shall include a separate offense under
Section 23102 or 23105, as those sections read prior to January 1,
1982.
(c) Any reference in the provisions of the Vehicle Code to a separate
violation of Section 23153 shall include a separate offense under
Section 23101 or 23106 as those sections read prior to January 1,
1982.
(d) The provisions of this section are to be given retroactive effect.
23217. The Legislature finds and declares that some repeat offenders
of the prohibition against driving under the influence of alcohol or
drugs, when they are addicted or when they have too much alcohol in
their systems, may be escaping the intent of the Legislature to punish
the offender with progressively greater severity if the offense is
repeated one or more times within a seven-year period. This situation
may occur when a conviction for a subsequent offense occurs before a
conviction is obtained on an earlier offense.
The Legislature further finds and declares that the timing of court
proceedings should not permit a person to avoid aggravated mandatory
minimum penalties for multiple separate offenses occurring within a
seven-year period. It is the intent of the Legislature to provide that
a person be subject to enhanced mandatory minimum penalties for
multiple offenses within a period of seven years, regardless of
whether the convictions are obtained in the same sequence as the
offenses had been committed.
Nothing in this section requires consideration of judgment of
conviction in a separate proceeding which is entered after the
judgment in the present proceeding, except as it relates to violation
of probation.
Nothing in this section or the amendments to Section 23540, 23546,
23550, 23560, 23566, 23622, or 23640 made by Chapter 1205 of the
Statutes of 1984 affects the penalty for a violation of Section 23152
or 23153 occurring prior to January 1, 1985.
23220. (a) No person shall drink any alcoholic beverage while driving
a motor vehicle upon any highway or on any lands described in
subdivision (b).
(b) As used in subdivision (a), "lands" means those lands to which the
Chappie-Z'berg Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Law of 1971 (Division 16.5
(commencing with Section 38000)) applies as to off-highway motor
vehicles, as described in Section 38001.
23221. (a) No driver shall drink any alcoholic beverage while in a
motor vehicle upon a highway.
(b) No passenger shall drink any alcoholic beverage while in a motor
vehicle upon a highway.
23222. (a) No person shall have in his or her possession on his or her
person, while driving a motor vehicle upon a highway or on lands, as
described in subdivision (b) of Section 23220, any bottle, can, or
other receptacle, containing any alcoholic beverage which has been
opened, or a seal broken, or the contents of which have been partially
removed.
(b) Except as authorized by law, every person who possesses, while
driving a motor vehicle upon a highway or on lands, as described in
subdivision (b) of Section 23220, not more than one avoirdupois ounce
of marijuana, other than concentrated cannabis as defined by Section
11006.5 of the Health and Safety Code, is guilty of a misdemeanor and
shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars
($100). Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the person has
been previously convicted three or more times of an offense described
in this subdivision during the two-year period immediately preceding
the date of commission of the violation to be charged, the previous
convictions shall also be charged in the accusatory pleading and, if
found to be true by the jury upon a jury trial or by the court upon a
court trial or if admitted by the person, Sections 1000.1 and 1000.2
of the Penal Code are applicable to the person, and the court shall
divert and refer the person for education, treatment, or
rehabilitation, without a court hearing or determination or the
concurrence of the district attorney, to an appropriate community
program which will accept the person. If the person is so diverted and
referred, the person is not subject to the fine specified in this
subdivision. In any case in which a person is arrested for a violation
of this subdivision and does not demand to be taken before a
magistrate, the person shall be released by the arresting officer upon
presentation of satisfactory evidence of identity and giving his or
her written promise to appear in court, as provided in Section 40500,
and shall not be subjected to booking.
23223. (a) No driver shall have in his or her possession, while in a
motor vehicle upon a highway or on lands, as described in subdivision
(b) of Section 23220, any bottle, can, or other receptacle, containing
any alcoholic beverage that has been opened, or a seal broken, or the
contents of which have been partially removed.
(b) No passenger shall have in his or her possession, while in a motor
vehicle upon a highway or on lands, as described in subdivision (b) of
Section 23220, any bottle, can, or other receptacle containing any
alcoholic beverage that has been opened or a seal broken, or the
contents of which have been partially removed.
23224. (a) No person under the age of 21 years shall knowingly drive
any motor vehicle carrying any alcoholic beverage, unless the person
is accompanied by a parent, responsible adult relative, any other
adult designated by the parent, or legal guardian for the purpose of
transportation of an alcoholic beverage, or is employed by a licensee
under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act (Division 9 (commencing with
Section 23000) of the Business and Professions Code), and is driving
the motor vehicle during regular hours and in the course of the
person's employment. If the driver was unaccompanied, he or she shall
have a complete defense if he or she was following, in a timely
manner, the reasonable instructions of his or her parent, legal
guardian, responsible adult relative, or adult designee relating to
disposition of the alcoholic beverage.
(b) No passenger in any motor vehicle who is under the age of 21 years
shall knowingly possess or have under that person's control any
alcoholic beverage, unless the passenger is accompanied by a parent,
legal guardian, responsible adult relative, any other adult designated
by the parent, or legal guardian for the purpose of transportation of
an alcoholic beverage, or is employed by a licensee under the
Alcoholic Beverage Control Act (Division 9 (commencing
with Section 23000) of the Business and Professions Code), and
possession or control is during regular hours and in the course of the
passenger's employment. If the passenger was unaccompanied, he or she
shall have a complete defense if he or she was following, in a timely
manner, the reasonable instructions of his or her parent, legal
guardian, responsible adult relative or adult designee relating to
disposition of the alcoholic beverage.
(c) If the vehicle used in any violation of subdivision (a) or (b) is
registered to an offender who is under the age of 21 years, the
vehicle may be impounded at the owner's expense for not less than one
day nor more than 30 days for each violation.
(d) Any person under 21 years of age convicted of a violation of this
section is subject to Section 13202.5.
(e) Any person convicted for a violation of subdivision (a) or (b) is
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished upon conviction by a
fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by imprisonment
in the county jail for not more than six months, or by both that fine
and imprisonment.
23225. (a) (1) It is unlawful for the registered owner of any motor
vehicle to keep in a motor vehicle, when the vehicle is upon any
highway or on lands, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 23220,
any bottle, can, or other receptacle containing any alcoholic beverage
that has been opened, or a seal broken, or the contents of which have
been partially removed, unless the container is kept in the trunk of
the vehicle.
(2) If the vehicle is not equipped with a trunk and is not an
off-highway motor vehicle subject to identification, as defined in
Section 38012, the bottle, can, or other receptacle described in
paragraph (1) shall be kept in some other area of the vehicle that is
not normally occupied by the driver or passengers. For the purposes of
this paragraph, a utility compartment or glove compartment shall be
deemed to be within the area occupied by the driver and passengers.
(3) If the vehicle is not equipped with a trunk and is an off-highway
motor vehicle subject to identification, as defined in subdivision (a)
of Section 38012, the bottle, can, or other receptacle described in
paragraph (1) shall be kept in a locked container. As used in this
paragraph, "locked container" means a secure container that is fully
enclosed and locked by a padlock, key lock, combination lock, or
similar locking device.
(b) Subdivision (a) is also applicable to a driver of a motor vehicle
if the registered owner is not present in the vehicle.
(c) This section shall not apply to the living quarters of a housecar
or camper.
23226. (a) It is unlawful for any driver to keep in the passenger
compartment of a motor vehicle, when the vehicle is upon any highway
or on lands, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 23220, any
bottle, can, or other receptacle containing any alcoholic beverage
that has been opened, or a seal broken, or the contents of which have
been partially removed.
(b) It is unlawful for any passenger to keep in the passenger
compartment of a motor vehicle, when the vehicle is upon any highway
or on lands, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 23220, any
bottle, can, or other receptacle containing any alcoholic beverage
that has been opened or a seal broken, or the contents of which have
been partially removed.
(c) This section shall not apply to the living quarters of a housecar
or camper.
23229. (a) Except as provided in Section 23229.1, Sections 23221 and
23223 do not apply to passengers in any bus, taxicab, or limousine for
hire licensed to transport passengers pursuant to the Public Utilities
Code or proper local authority, or the living quarters of a housecar
or camper.
(b) Except as provided in Section 23229.1, Section 23225 does not
apply to the driver or owner of a bus, taxicab, or limousine for hire
licensed to transport passengers pursuant to the Public Utilities Code
or proper local authority.
(c) This section shall become operative on July 1, 1989.
23229.1. (a) Subject to subdivision (b), Sections 23223 and 23225 do
apply to any charter-party carrier of passengers, as defined in
Section 5360 of the Public Utilities Code, operating a limousine for
hire when the driver of the vehicle transports any passenger under the
age of 21.
(b) For purposes of subdivision (a), it is not a violation of Section
23225 for any charter-party carrier of passengers operating a
limousine for hire which is licensed pursuant to the Public Utilities
Code to keep any bottle, can, or other receptacle containing any
alcoholic beverage in a locked utility compartment within the area
occupied by the driver and passengers.
(c) In addition to the requirements of Section 1803, every clerk of a
court, or judge if there is no clerk, in which any driver in
subdivision (a) was convicted of a violation of Section 23225 shall
prepare within 10 days after conviction, and immediately forward to
the Public Utilities Commission at its office in San Francisco, an
abstract of the record of the court covering the case in which the
person was convicted. If sentencing is not pronounced in conjunction
with the conviction, the abstract shall be forwarded to the commission
within 10 days after sentencing, and the abstract shall be certified,
by the person required to prepare it, to be true and correct.
For the purposes of this subdivision, a forfeiture of bail is
equivalent to a conviction.
(d) This section shall become operative on July 1, 1989.
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