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Marijuana Offenses Bail Bonds
California Health and Safety Codes
Defined:
11357. (a) Except as
authorized by law, every person who possesses any concentrated
cannabis shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail for a
period of not more than one year or by a fine of not more than five
hundred dollars ($500), or by both such fine and imprisonment, or
shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison.
(b) Except as authorized by law, every person who possesses not more
than 28.5 grams of marijuana, other than concentrated cannabis, is
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not more
than one hundred dollars ($100). Notwithstanding other provisions of
law, if such person has been previously convicted three or more times
of an offense described in this subdivision during the two-year period
immediately preceding the date of commission of the violation to be
charged, the previous convictions shall also be charged in the
accusatory pleading and, if found to be true by the jury upon a jury
trial or by the court upon a court trial or if admitted by the person,
the provisions of Sections 1000.1 and 1000.2 of the Penal Code shall
be applicable to him, and the court shall divert and refer him for
education, treatment, or rehabilitation, without a court hearing or
determination or the concurrence of the district attorney, to an
appropriate community program which will accept him. If the person is
so diverted and referred he shall not be subject to the fine specified
in this subdivision. If no community program will accept him, the
person shall be subject to the fine specified in this subdivision. In
any case in which a person is arrested for a violation of this
subdivision and does not demand to be taken before a magistrate, such
person shall be released by the arresting officer upon presentation of
satisfactory evidence of identity and giving his written promise to
appear in court, as provided in Section 853.6 of the Penal Code, and
shall not be subjected to booking.
(c) Except as authorized by law, every person who possesses more than
28.5 grams of marijuana, other than concentrated cannabis, shall be
punished by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not more
than six months or by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars
($500), or by both such fine and imprisonment.
(d) Except as authorized by law, every person 18 years of age or over
who possesses not more than 28.5 grams of marijuana, other than
concentrated cannabis, upon the grounds of, or within, any school
providing instruction in kindergarten or any of grades 1 through 12
during hours the school is open for classes or school-related programs
is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of not more
than five hundred dollars ($500), or by imprisonment in the county
jail for a period of not more than 10 days, or both.
(e) Except as authorized by law, every person under the age of 18 who
possesses not more than 28.5 grams of marijuana, other than
concentrated cannabis, upon the grounds of, or within, any school
providing instruction in kindergarten or any of grades 1 through 12
during hours the school is open for classes or school-related programs
is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to the following
dispositions:
(1) A fine of not more than two hundred fifty dollars ($250), upon a
finding that a first offense has been committed.
(2) A fine of not more than five hundred dollars ($500), or commitment
to a juvenile hall, ranch, camp, forestry camp, or secure juvenile
home for a period of not more than 10 days, or both, upon a finding
that a second or subsequent offense has been committed.
11358. Every person who plants, cultivates, harvests, dries, or
processes any marijuana or any part thereof, except as otherwise
provided by law, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state
prison.
11359. Every person who possesses for sale any marijuana, except as
otherwise provided by law, shall be punished by imprisonment in the
state prison.
11360. (a) Except as otherwise provided by this section or as
authorized by law, every person who transports, imports into this
state, sells, furnishes, administers, or gives away, or offers to
transport, import into this state, sell, furnish, administer, or give
away, or attempts to import into this state or transport any marijuana
shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for a period of
two, three or four years.
(b) Except as authorized by law, every person who gives away, offers
to give away, transports, offers to transport, or attempts to
transport not more than 28.5 grams of marijuana, other than
concentrated cannabis, is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be
punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars ($100). In any
case in which a person is arrested for a violation of this subdivision
and does not demand to be taken before a magistrate, such person shall
be released by the arresting officer upon presentation of satisfactory
evidence of identity and giving his written promise to appear in
court, as provided in Section 853.6 of the Penal Code, and shall not
be subjected to booking.
11361. (a) Every person 18 years of age or over who hires, employs, or
uses a minor in unlawfully transporting, carrying, selling, giving
away, preparing for sale, or peddling any marijuana, who unlawfully
sells, or offers to sell, any marijuana to a minor, or who furnishes,
administers, or gives, or offers to furnish, administer, or give any
marijuana to a minor under 14 years of age, or who induces a minor to
use marijuana in violation of law shall be punished by imprisonment in
the state prison for a period of three, five, or seven years.
(b) Every person 18 years of age or over who furnishes, administers,
or gives, or offers to furnish, administer, or give, any marijuana to
a minor 14 years of age or older shall be punished by imprisonment in
the state prison for a period of three, four, or five years.
11361.5. (a) Records of any court of this state, any public or private
agency that provides services upon referral under Section 1000.2 of
the Penal Code, or of any state agency pertaining to the arrest or
conviction of any person for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d),
or (e) of Section 11357 or subdivision (b) of Section 11360, shall not
be kept beyond two years from the date of the conviction, or from the
date of the arrest if there was no conviction, except with respect to
a violation of subdivision (e) of Section 11357 the records shall be
retained until the offender attains the age of 18 years at which time
the records shall be destroyed as provided in this section. Any court
or agency having custody of the records shall provide for the timely
destruction of the records in accordance with subdivision (c). The
requirements of this subdivision do not apply to records of any
conviction occurring prior to January 1, 1976, or records of any
arrest not followed by a conviction occurring prior to that date.
(b) This subdivision applies only to records of convictions and
arrests not followed by conviction occurring prior to January 1, 1976,
for any of the following offenses:
(1) Any violation of Section 11357 or a statutory predecessor thereof.
(2) Unlawful possession of a device, contrivance, instrument, or
paraphernalia used for unlawfully smoking marijuana, in violation of
Section 11364, as it existed prior to January 1, 1976, or a statutory
predecessor thereof.
(3) Unlawful visitation or presence in a room or place in which
marijuana is being unlawfully smoked or used, in violation of Section
11365, as it existed prior to January 1, 1976, or a statutory
predecessor thereof.
(4) Unlawfully using or being under the influence of marijuana, in
violation of Section 11550, as it existed prior to January 1, 1976, or
a statutory predecessor thereof.
Any person subject to an arrest or conviction for those offenses may
apply to the Department of Justice for destruction of records
pertaining to the arrest or conviction if two or more years have
elapsed since the date of the conviction, or since the date of the
arrest if not followed by a conviction. The application shall be
submitted upon a form supplied by the Department of Justice and shall
be accompanied by a fee, which shall be established by the department
in an amount which will defray the cost of administering this
subdivision and costs incurred by the state under subdivision (c), but
which shall not exceed thirty-seven dollars and fifty cents ($37.50).
The application form may be made available at every local police or
sheriff's department and from the Department of Justice and may
require that information which the department determines is necessary
for purposes of identification.
The department may request, but not require, the applicant to include
a self-administered fingerprint upon the application. If the
department is unable to sufficiently identify the applicant for
purposes of this subdivision without the fingerprint or without
additional fingerprints, it shall so notify the applicant and shall
request the applicant to submit any fingerprints which may be required
to effect identification, including a complete set if necessary, or,
alternatively, to abandon the application and request a refund of all
or a portion of the fee submitted with the application, as provided in
this section. If the applicant fails or refuses to submit fingerprints
in accordance with the department's request within a reasonable time
which shall be established by the department, or if the applicant
requests a refund of the fee, the department shall promptly mail a
refund to the applicant at the address specified in the application or
at any other address which may be specified by the applicant. However,
if the department has notified the applicant that election to abandon
the application will result in forfeiture of a specified amount which
is a portion of the fee, the department may retain a portion of the
fee which the department determines will defray the actual costs of
processing the application, provided the amount of the portion
retained shall not exceed ten dollars ($10).
Upon receipt of a sufficient application, the Department of Justice
shall destroy records of the department, if any, pertaining to the
arrest or conviction in the manner prescribed by subdivision (c) and
shall notify the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the law enforcement
agency which arrested the applicant, and, if the applicant was
convicted, the probation department which investigated the applicant
and the Department of Motor Vehicles, of the application.
(c) Destruction of records of arrest or conviction pursuant to
subdivision (a) or (b) shall be accomplished by permanent obliteration
of all entries or notations upon the records pertaining to the arrest
or conviction, and the record shall be prepared again so that it
appears that the arrest or conviction never occurred.
However, where (1) the only entries upon the record pertain to the
arrest or conviction and (2) the record can be destroyed without
necessarily effecting the destruction of other records, then the
document constituting the record shall be physically destroyed.
(d) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) or (b), written transcriptions of
oral testimony in court proceedings and published judicial appellate
reports are not subject to this section. Additionally, no records
shall be destroyed pursuant to subdivision (a) if the defendant or a
codefendant has filed a civil action against the peace officers or law
enforcement jurisdiction which made the arrest or instituted the
prosecution and if the agency which is the custodian of those records
has received a certified copy of the complaint in the civil action,
until the civil action has finally been resolved. Immediately
following the final resolution of the civil action, records subject to
subdivision (a) shall be destroyed pursuant to subdivision (c) if more
than two years have elapsed from the date of the conviction or arrest
without conviction.
11361.7. (a) Any record subject to destruction or permanent
obliteration pursuant to Section 11361.5, or more than two years of
age, or a record of a conviction for an offense specified in
subdivision (a) or (b) of Section 11361.5 which became final more than
two years previously, shall not be considered to be accurate,
relevant, timely, or complete for any purposes by any agency or
person. The provisions of this subdivision shall be applicable for
purposes of the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. Section 552a) to the
fullest extent permissible by law, whenever any information or record
subject to destruction or permanent obliteration under Section 11361.5
was obtained by any state agency, local public agency, or any public
or private agency that provides services upon referral under Section
1000.2 of the Penal Code, and is thereafter shared with or
disseminated to any agency of the federal government.
(b) No public agency shall alter, amend, assess, condition, deny,
limit, postpone, qualify, revoke, surcharge, or suspend any
certificate, franchise, incident, interest, license, opportunity,
permit, privilege, right, or title of any person because of an arrest
or conviction for an offense specified in subdivision (a) or (b) of
Section 11361.5, or because of the facts or events leading to such an
arrest or conviction, on or after the date the records of such arrest
or conviction are required to be destroyed by subdivision (a) of
Section 11361.5, or two years from the date of such conviction or
arrest without conviction with respect to arrests and convictions
occurring prior to January 1, 1976. As used in this subdivision,
"public agency" includes, but is not limited to, any state, county,
city and county, city, public or constitutional corporation or entity,
district, local or regional political subdivision, or any department,
division, bureau, office, board, commission or other agency thereof.
(c) Any person arrested or convicted for an offense specified in
subdivision (a) or (b) of Section 11361.5 may, two years from the date
of such a conviction, or from the date of the arrest if there was no
conviction, indicate in response to any question concerning his prior
criminal record that he was not arrested or convicted for such
offense.
(d) The provisions of this section shall be applicable without regard
to whether destruction or obliteration of records has actually been
implemented pursuant to Section 11361.5.
11362. As used in this article "felony offense," and offense
"punishable as a felony" refer to an offense for which the law
prescribes imprisonment in the state prison as either an alternative
or the sole penalty, regardless of the sentence the particular
defendant received.
11362.5. (a) This section shall be known and may be cited as the
Compassionate Use Act of 1996.
(b) (1) The people of the State of California hereby find and declare
that the purposes of the Compassionate Use Act of 1996 are as follows:
(A) To ensure that seriously ill Californians have the right to obtain
and use marijuana for medical purposes where that medical use is
deemed appropriate and has been recommended by a physician who has
determined that the person's health would benefit from the use of
marijuana in the treatment of cancer, anorexia, AIDS, chronic pain,
spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraine, or any other illness for
which marijuana provides relief.
(B) To ensure that patients and their primary caregivers who obtain
and use marijuana for medical purposes upon the recommendation of a
physician are not subject to criminal prosecution or sanction.
(C) To encourage the federal and state governments to implement a plan
to provide for the safe and affordable distribution of marijuana to
all patients in medical need of marijuana.
(2) Nothing in this section shall be construed to supersede
legislation prohibiting persons from engaging in conduct that
endangers others, nor to condone the diversion of marijuana for
nonmedical purposes.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no physician in this
state shall be punished, or denied any right or privilege, for having
recommended marijuana to a patient for medical purposes.
(d) Section 11357, relating to the possession of marijuana, and
Section 11358, relating to the cultivation of marijuana, shall not
apply to a patient, or to a patient's primary caregiver, who possesses
or cultivates marijuana for the personal medical purposes of the
patient upon the written or oral recommendation or approval of a
physician.
(e) For the purposes of this section, "primary caregiver" means the
individual designated by the person exempted under this section who
has consistently assumed responsibility for the housing, health, or
safety of that person.
11362.9. (a) (1) It is the intent of the Legislature that the state
commission objective scientific research by the premier research
institute of the world, the University of California, regarding the
efficacy and safety of administering marijuana as part of medical
treatment. If the Regents of the University of California, by
appropriate resolution, accept this responsibility, the University of
California shall create a three-year program, to be known as the
California Marijuana Research Program.
(2) The program shall develop and conduct studies intended to
ascertain the general medical safety and efficacy of marijuana and, if
found valuable, shall develop medical guidelines for the appropriate
administration and use of marijuana.
(b) The program may immediately solicit proposals for research
projects to be included in the marijuana studies. Program requirements
to be used when evaluating responses to its solicitation for
proposals, shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following:
(1) Proposals shall demonstrate the use of key personnel, including
clinicians or scientists and support personnel, who are prepared to
develop a program of research regarding marijuana's general medical
efficacy and safety.
(2) Proposals shall contain procedures for outreach to patients with
various medical conditions who may be suitable participants in
research on marijuana.
(3) Proposals shall contain provisions for a patient registry.
(4) Proposals shall contain provisions for an information system that
is designed to record information about possible study participants,
investigators, and clinicians, and deposit and analyze data that
accrues as part of clinical trials.
(5) Proposals shall contain protocols suitable for research on
marijuana, addressing patients diagnosed with the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), cancer, glaucoma, or seizures or muscle spasms associated with
a chronic, debilitating condition. The proposal may also include
research on other serious illnesses, provided that resources are
available and medical information justifies the research.
(6) Proposals shall demonstrate the use of a specimen laboratory
capable of housing plasma, urine, and other specimens necessary to
study the concentration of cannabinoids in various tissues, as well as
housing specimens for studies of toxic effects of marijuana.
(7) Proposals shall demonstrate the use of a laboratory capable of
analyzing marijuana, provided to the program under this section, for
purity and cannabinoid content and the capacity to detect
contaminants.
(c) In order to ensure objectivity in evaluating proposals, the
program shall use a peer review process that is modeled on the process
used by the National Institutes of Health, and that guards against
funding research that is biased in favor of or against particular
outcomes. Peer reviewers shall be selected for their expertise in the
scientific substance and methods of the proposed research, and their
lack of bias or conflict of interest regarding the applicants or the
topic of an approach taken in the proposed research. Peer reviewers
shall judge research proposals on several criteria, foremost among
which shall be both of the following:
(1) The scientific merit of the research plan, including whether the
research design and experimental procedures are potentially biased for
or against a particular outcome.
(2) Researchers' expertise in the scientific substance and methods of
the proposed research, and their lack of bias or conflict of interest
regarding the topic of, and the approach taken in, the proposed
research.
(d) If the program is administered by the Regents of the University of
California, any grant research proposals approved by the program shall
also require review and approval by the research advisory panel.
(e) It is the intent of the Legislature that the program be
established as follows:
(1) The program shall be located at one or more University of
California campuses that have a core of faculty experienced in
organizing multidisciplinary scientific endeavors and, in particular,
strong experience in clinical trials involving psychopharmacologic
agents. The campuses at which research under the auspices of the
program is to take place shall accommodate the administrative offices,
including the director of the program, as well as a data management
unit, and facilities for storage of specimens.
(2) When awarding grants under this section, the program shall utilize
principles and parameters of the other well-tested statewide research
programs administered by the University of California, modeled after
programs administered by the National Institutes of Health, including
peer review evaluation of the scientific merit of applications.
(3) The scientific and clinical operations of the program shall occur,
partly at University of California campuses, and partly at other
postsecondary institutions, that have clinicians or scientists with
expertise to conduct the required studies. Criteria for selection of
research locations shall include the elements listed in subdivision
(b) and, additionally, shall give particular weight to the
organizational plan, leadership qualities of the program director, and
plans to involve investigators and patient populations from multiple
sites.
(4) The funds received by the program shall be allocated to various
research studies in accordance with a scientific plan developed by the
Scientific Advisory Council. As the first wave of studies is
completed, it is anticipated that the program will receive requests
for funding of additional studies. These requests shall be reviewed by
the Scientific Advisory Council.
(5) The size, scope, and number of studies funded shall be
commensurate with the amount of appropriated and available program
funding.
(f) All personnel involved in implementing approved proposals shall be
authorized as required by Section 11604.
(g) Studies conducted pursuant to this section shall include the
greatest amount of new scientific research possible on the medical
uses of, and medical hazards associated with, marijuana. The program
shall consult with the Research Advisory Panel analogous agencies in
other states, and appropriate federal agencies in an attempt to avoid
duplicative research and the wasting of research dollars.
(h) The program shall make every effort to recruit qualified patients
and qualified physicians from throughout the state.
(i) The marijuana studies shall employ state-of-the-art research
methodologies.
(j) The program shall ensure that all marijuana used in the studies is
of the appropriate medical quality and shall be obtained from the
National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other federal agency
designated to supply marijuana for authorized research. If these
federal agencies fail to provide a supply of adequate quality and
quantity within six months of the effective date of this section, the
Attorney General shall provide an adequate supply pursuant to Section
11478.
(k) The program may review, approve, or incorporate studies and
research by independent groups presenting scientifically valid
protocols for medical research, regardless of whether the areas of
study are being researched by the committee.
(l) (1) To enhance understanding of the efficacy and adverse effects
of marijuana as a pharmacological agent, the program shall conduct
focused controlled clinical trials on the usefulness of marijuana in
patients diagnosed with AIDS or HIV, cancer, glaucoma, or seizures or
muscle spasms associated with a chronic, debilitating condition. The
program may add research on other serious illnesses, provided that
resources are available and medical information justifies the
research. The studies shall focus on comparisons of both the efficacy
and safety of methods of administering the drug to patients, including
inhalational, tinctural, and oral, evaluate possible uses of marijuana
as a primary or adjunctive treatment, and develop further information
on optimal dosage, timing, mode of administration, and variations in
the effects of different cannabinoids and varieties of marijuana.
(2) The program shall examine the safety of marijuana in patients with
various medical disorders, including marijuana's interaction with
other drugs, relative safety of inhalation versus oral forms, and the
effects on mental function in medically ill persons.
(3) The program shall be limited to providing for objective scientific
research to ascertain the efficacy and safety of marijuana as part of
medical treatment, and should not be construed as encouraging or
sanctioning the social or recreational use of marijuana.
(m) (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the program shall, prior to any
approving proposals, seek to obtain research protocol guidelines from
the National Institutes of Health and shall, if the National
Institutes of Health issues research protocol guidelines, comply with
those guidelines.
(2) If, after a reasonable period of time of not less than six months
and not more than a year has elapsed from the date the program seeks
to obtain guidelines pursuant to paragraph (1), no guidelines have
been approved, the program may proceed using the research protocol
guidelines it develops.
(n) In order to maximize the scope and size of the marijuana studies,
the program may do any of the following:
(1) Solicit, apply for, and accept funds from foundations, private
individuals, and all other funding sources that can be used to expand
the scope or timeframe of the marijuana studies that are authorized
under this section. The program shall not expend more than 5 percent
of its General Fund allocation in efforts to obtain money from outside
sources.
(2) Include within the scope of the marijuana studies other marijuana
research projects that are independently funded and that meet the
requirements set forth in subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive. In no
case shall the program accept any funds that are offered with any
conditions other than that the funds be used to study the efficacy and
safety of marijuana as part of medical treatment. Any donor shall be
advised that funds given for purposes of this section will be used to
study both the possible benefits and detriments of marijuana and that
he or she will have no control over the use of these funds.
(o) (1) Within six months of the effective date of this section, the
program shall report to the Legislature, the Governor, and the
Attorney General on the progress of the marijuana studies.
(2) Thereafter, the program shall issue a report to the Legislature
every six months detailing the progress of the studies. The interim
reports required under this paragraph shall include, but not be
limited to, data on all of the following:
(A) The names and number of diseases or conditions under study.
(B) The number of patients enrolled in each study by disease.
(C) Any scientifically valid preliminary findings.
(p) If the Regents of the University of California implement this
section, the President of the University of California shall appoint a
multidisciplinary Scientific Advisory Council, not to exceed 15
members, to provide policy guidance in the creation and implementation
of the program. Members shall be chosen on the basis of scientific
expertise. Members of the council shall serve on a voluntary basis,
with reimbursement for expenses incurred in the course of their
participation. The members shall be reimbursed for travel and other
necessary expenses incurred in their performance of the duties of the
council.
(q) No more than 10 percent of the total funds appropriated be used
for all aspects of the administration of this section.
(r) This section shall be implemented only to the extent that funding
for its purposes is appropriated by the Legislature in the annual
Budget Act.
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